Rust Error E0460: Unresolved Crate Dependency Versions
Understanding Rust Error E0460
Error E0460 occurs when two or more crates in a Rust project have different versions of a common dependency. Rust cannot reconcile these discrepancies, causing a compilation error. The crate 'version' referred to in this error is identified by a Strict Version Hash (SVH), which varies based on the crate's content in an implementation-specific manner.
Let's examine the given example:
a1.rs
#![crate_name = "a"]
pub fn foo<T>() {}
a2.rs
#![crate_name = "a"]
pub fn foo<T>() {
println!("foo<T>()");
}
b.rs
#![crate_name = "b"]
extern crate a; // linked with `a1.rs`
pub fn foo() {
a::foo::<isize>();
}
main.rs
extern crate a; // linked with `a2.rs`
extern crate b; // error: found possibly newer version of crate `a` which `b`
// depends on
fn main() {}The dependency graph of this project:
crate `main`
|
+-------------+
| |
| v
depends: | crate `b`
`a` v1 | |
| | depends:
| | `a` v2
v |
crate `a` <------+
Main.rs depends on crate 'a' (v1) and crate 'b'. Crate 'b' depends on crate 'a' (v2). Since different versions of crate 'a' are used, the error E0460 occurs.
How to Fix Rust Error E0460
There are two primary ways to resolve this error:
1. Use Cargo
Cargo, the Rust package manager, is designed to eliminate this error by automatically managing crate dependencies. Exclusively using Cargo ensures that consistent versions of dependent crates are available throughout the project.
2. Recompile the dependent crate
Recompiling crate 'a' will create a uniform version that both crate 'b' and main.rs can depend on, resolving the error. Ensure that both crates reference the latest version of the dependency.